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Message Area
Sci / Health / Environment

Enviro June 30 05 Nuclear Waste Disposal

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#1 of 4

     Posted 7/2/05 6:46 PM   
Sue_N
 
From  Sue_N  Posts 3452  Last 12:11 AM
To  All      [Msg # 198505.1 ]    

Which form of storage for radioactive waste do you feel is safest?

Nuclear or Radioactive Waste - Disposal

Continued from yesterday's environmental roundup: nuclear waste - types.

A variety of solutions have been suggested for the safe disposal of radioactive waste.

When considering deep disposal, it is necessary to research the geology of the proposed site. This includes the stability, given the very long half-lives possible. The waste should also not be able to come into contact with groundwater. Permeability of the rock also needs to be considered, including ways for gas to pass, for example via faults. Even the saltiness of any water can make a difference because of its higher density. The site should not be close to human habitation, though it should not be so remote that transport costs are prohibitive. Preferably it should be in an area where there are people who are used to living and working in or near nuclear activities, to minimize opposition to the site. There should be good local access, and minimal visual impact.



Ocean Conveyor Belt
Courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory

Another suggestion for disposal of nuclear waste, is to dump it at the bottom of the ocean, at the point of the ocean conveyor belt (thermohaline current; see diagram) where the cold water sinks (follow the arrow where it turns from red to blue in the diagram). It would take hundreds of years for the radioactive water to surface again in the Pacific (where it turns from blue to red in the diagram). We don't know what affect it would have on deep sea creatures though, or how much the radioactivity would spread. There is an international ban on dumping radioactive waste in the oceans. Nuclear Power plants do tend to be sited by seas for cooling purposes, however, and there are discharges from the land into the sea. The OSPAR (Oslo Paris) Convention included a commitment to reduce the radioactivity in such discharges to 'close to zero' by 2003.

Other ideas for disposal of various types of radioactive waste have included:

  • Send it to the sun - raises concerns about rocket failure, and is very expensive.
  • Insert it where tectonic plates sink into the Earth's mantle.
  • Let it sink into deep Antarctic ice using its own heat - against the Antarctic Treaty, and global warming could melt the ice.
  • Turn it into liquid and pump it into underground reservoirs - vulnerable to geology.
  • Store it on the surface of the earth - vulnerable to geology, terrorism, theft, weather.
  • Incineration - unpopular, and would increase radioactivity downwind.
  • Design and construct nuclear plants that could use or convert it - there would still be radioactive waste left over.

However it is stored, the cost of storing nuclear waste for generations ought to be factored when deciding whether to buy a nuclear power plant, or comparing the costs of nuclear energy with that of other sources of energy.

Of course, some radioactivity escapes, and is free to spread round the world on air currents, adding to the background radioactivity.

Study shows radiation causes cancer but rarely

People who are subject to everyday sources of radiation (for example from medical X-rays, tobacco, televisions and smoke detectors) have only a slightly increased likelihood of getting cancer than those who don't. One out of every 100 people would get cancer as a result of a dose of about 100 millisieverts of radiation, which is the equivalent of 1,000 chest X-rays, compared to 42 who got cancer from other causes.

Please see the following message for the remaining stories.

Sue [sysop in NewsForum, World Issues, All Animals forums]
Edited 7/2/05   by  Sue_N
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#2 of 4

     Posted 7/2/05 6:47 PM   
Sue_N
 
From  Sue_N  Posts 3452  Last 12:11 AM
To  All      [Msg # 198505.2 Message 198505.2 replying to 198505.1 198505.1 ]    

Recent news stories involving nuclear waste include:

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#3 of 4

     Posted 7/2/05 6:48 PM   
Sue_N
 
From  Sue_N  Posts 3452  Last 12:11 AM
To  All      [Msg # 198505.3 Message 198505.3 replying to 198505.2 198505.2 ]    

Other Stories

EPA Blocked From Human Pesticide Studies

The Senate has voted 60-37 in favour of an amendment to prevent the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from using studies where people are intentionally exposed to pesticides. The results would have been used when considering permits for pesticides. 24 such experiments were currently under review. The senate also passed an amendment 57-40 that would allow human testing to go on provided that the EPA checked that it was being conducted ethically and that the benefits outweigh the risks to volunteers.

The EPA is drafting new rules that would allow it to accept data from human tests on pregnant women, fetuses, newborns, infants and children. The Supreme Court sided with the manufacturers in a 2003 case.

PCB exposure may raise lymphoma risk

Exposure to PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) appears to increase the risk of getting non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), a blood cancer involving the lymph nodes. They tested the PCB content of the subject's own carpet dust.

Mistletoe extract may treat bladder cancer

A mistletoe extract appears to reduce the recurrence of tumours after surgery for superficial bladder cancer without normal side effects associated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG).

Researchers Study Tallest Man-Made Tsunami

Japanese scientists are studying 8-foot-tall man-made tsunami waves.

Russia Halts Surveying on Oil Pipeline

Russia's natural resources ministry has stopped surveying from being carried out for an oil pipeline around Lake Baikal because of concerns over the work not obeying environmental guidelines. The pipeline will pump oil from Siberia to Japan and other parts of Asia.

Pentagon examines whereabouts of weapons metals

The Defense Department is to study where essential metals like steel, aluminum and titanium can be obtained, as China's demand has caused supplies to be short and prices high, which is not good for defense.

New York Tries to Make Yellow Cabs Greener

Hybrid cars would get double the gas mileage of traditional New York City taxis and produce far less pollution. On the other hand, they have 10 inches less legroom and smaller trunks. So far, the city Taxi and Limousine Commission has not authorized any hybrids for use as taxis. The City Council is considering a bill to allow them. The taxi commission would then decide which brands would be allowed for a trial. A former experiment with natural gas foundered because there were not enough filling stations. Ten hybrids are on trial in San Francisco.

EPA Proposes Stationary Diesel Fumes Cut

The Environmental Protection Agency wants to cut pollution from equipment powered by stationary diesel engines by up to 90 percent. It would require manufacturers of electrical generators, compressors, agricultural pumps and other equipment to reduce sulfur emissions in 2007 and again in 2011, bringing them closer to mobile engine standards. Emergency backup generators that are run only in emergencies or periodically to test them are excepted. A similar rule was introduced last year for equipment such as forklifts, tractors and tugboats. New standards come into force for trucks and buses in January 2007 which will make them 98 percent cleaner than in the late '80s. Last week the Senate voted for a $1 billion fund for grants and loans to cut pollution from existing diesel engines.

'Carbon free' power station planned in Scotland

A coalition of BP, ConocoPhillips, Shell and Scottish & Southern Energy plan to build a $600 million plant in Scotland that would first convert natural gas into hydrogen and carbon dioxide (CO2), and then fuel a 350 megawatt power station with the hydrogen. The CO2 would be shipped to a North Sea oil field to boost oil recovery and then to be stored so that it did not contribute to global warming. This would be the world's first "carbon free" electricity from hydrogen plant. About 1.3 million tonnes of CO2 a year would be stored. The power plant would supply electricity to around a quarter of a million UK homes.

Warming May Harm Africa's Sand Dune Fields

Currently large tracts of stabilized sand dunes support vegetation that supports a growing population of herders and farmers. According to new research published in Nature in June, global warming could lead to greater drought and winds, causing the dunes to move again, creating full desert conditions.

Please see the following message for the remaining stories.

Sue [sysop in NewsForum, World Issues, All Animals forums]
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#4 of 4

     Posted 7/2/05 6:50 PM   
Sue_N
 
From  Sue_N  Posts 3452  Last 12:11 AM
To  All      [Msg # 198505.4 Message 198505.4 replying to 198505.3 198505.3 ]    

Oceans at risk from global warming -scientists

Scientists say that the oceans are reaching the limit of their capacity to store carbon dioxide (CO2), the major greenhouse gas, which makes them more acid and puts thousands of marine species at risk. Thanks to global warming, they are currently absorbing one ton of (CO2) per person per year. The scientists are calling on the Group of Eight industrialized nations, who are meeting at Gleneagles, Scotland next week, to take action.

Thousands evacuated in post-drought Australia rain

The good news is that the drought in eastern Australia has broken. The good news is tempered by the fact that 2 people are missing and 3,300 people have had to be evacuated due to flood waters of more than 10 meters (33 feet).

Biotech crop policy in EU gets rethink after rebuff

EU environment ministers have emphatically (22 out of 25) rejected European Commission proposals for lifting bans on certain genetically modified (GMO) products.

Tobacco Fungal Disease Confirmed in Ky.

Blue mold, a fungus that attacks tobacco plants, has been found on nine acres of a farm in Kentucky, but the weather seems to be preventing it from spreading.

Penguins Embrace Zoo Visitors in Syracuse

18 Humboldt penguins were the star attraction at the new $3.7 million "Penguin Coast" exhibit at the Rosamond Gifford Zoo.

No Fish Tale: Thais Catch 646-Pound Fish

The Mekong giant catfish has been listed as critically endangered since 2003, but villagers in Chiang Khong, Thailand recently caught the largest recorded, nearly 9 feet long and 646 pounds. It did not survive long enough to be sold to environmental groups for propagation, so it was eaten. Four captive catfish were recently released into the Mekong river, Cambodia to boost numbers.

U.S. Case of Mad Cow Traced to Texas

The USA's second case of mad cow disease, and the first case that was born in the USA, was born and raised in Texas by one owner. The dead animal was incinerated. The herd has been quarantined. Focus has now turned to the animals that the might have come into contact with the animal, and herd's feed. The animal was born before the 1997 ban on the use of cattle parts in cattle feed.

U.S. mad cow was found at Champion Pet Foods plant

The cow was dead on arrival at the Waco-based pet food facility and a sample was sent for testing last November, but mad cow disease has only recently been confirmed. It was kept out of the pet food chain. Offspring and herdmates of the cow are being traced.

WHO calms fears of bird flu virus mutation

An international flu pandemic as a result of a mutation of bird flu into a form that can pass from human to human has long been predicted. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), however, no tests so far in Vietnam have shown such a mutation.

Vietnam bird flu toll rises to 39

The 73-year-old Vietnamese was the 19th to die of the H5N1 virus since it returned in December.

Texas Man Mysteriously Gets Rare Illness

A Texas man has fallen ill with Q fever, a rare flu-like bacterial disease. His case is unusual because he has had no contact with livestock.

E-Tagging of Pygmy Elephants Helps Study

The WWF is tagging rare dwarf pygmy elephants which are only found on Borneo Island in Malaysia's Sabah state. At 8 feet tall they are a foot or two shorter than other Asian elephants, with longer tails. It has not been studied before because until DNA tests were carried out in 2003, it was not realised that it was a separate subspecies.

Businesses Sue California Over Salmon

California state protections for coho salmon have come under fire from timber, cattle and other business interests who say that the California Fish and Game Commission's rules were enacted with insufficient evidence and that they duplicate federal law.


Which form of storage for radioactive waste do you feel is safest?

[Views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of CompuServe, Netscape, any government, agency, or news organization. External Websites are "At Your Own Risk," and no endorsement is expressed or implied.]

Sue [sysop in NewsForum, World Issues, All Animals forums]
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Sci / Health / Environment

Enviro June 30 05 Nuclear Waste Disposal

  
 
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